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WhatsApp, Instagram und Co.: DNS-Fehler legt Facebook-Dienste knapp sieben Stunden lang lahm

Geschrieben von Florian Schimanke am

Allein die Aufmerksamkeit, die der Vorfall vom gestrigen Abend in der allgemeinen Berichterstattung erregt hat zeigt, wie dramatisch der Ausfall von Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram und des Facebook Messengers war. Satte sieben Stunden waren die Zuckerberg-Dienste offline, was nicht nur den Facebook-Gründer schlanke 6 Milliarden US-Dollar durch Kursverluste der Facebook-Aktien gekostet hat, sondern den Konzern auch noch geschätzte 545.000 Dollar pro Stunde an Werbeeinnahmen. Ganz zu schweigen vom Unmut, der sich bei den zusammengerechnet mehr als 6,2 Milliarden Nutzer breit machte, die ihre geliebten Dienste über Stunden hinweg nicht nutzen konnten. Man kommt wohl nicht umhin, von einer gewissen Abhängigkeit von WhatsApp und Co. zu sprechen. Die gute Nachricht: Die gute, alte SMS ließ sich noch immer verschicken.

Wie kam es aber zu dem Crash? Die meisten Sicherheitsexperten gehen nicht davon aus, dass es sich um einen Angriff gehandelt hat, sondern das schlichtweg ein Konfigurationsproblem den Ausfall verursacht hat. Dennoch geben uns die Ereignisse einen kleinen Eindruck davon, wie ein größerer Cyber-Angriff aussehen könnte wenn er kommt. Und er wird kommen. Das aktuelle Problem wurde aber ganz offensichtlich durch ein Problem mit dem Domain Name System, kurz DNS, bei Facebook ausgelöst. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein hierarchisch über mehrere Server aufgebautes System, welches die bekannten Domänennamen wie facebook.com und Co. in die dahinterliegenden IP-Adressen auflöst. Offenbar durch Updates der DNS-Einträge wurden diese jedoch gelöscht und auch die zugehörigen Infrastruktur-IPs bei Facebook waren verschwunden, so dass das Facebook-Netzwerk für den Zeitraum des Ausfalls quasi aus dem Internet verschwunden war. Der Netzwerk-Dienstleister Cloudflare schreibt dazu in einem Blogeintrag, dass es aussah, als hätte jemand sämtliche Kabel in das Facebook-Netzwerk auf einmal herausgezogen.

Dazu muss man wissen, dass das Internet eigentlich gar kein einziges großes Netzwerk, sondern der Zusammenschluss vieler kleiner Netzwerke, sogenannte autonomer Systeme ist. Das Internet beschreibt daher eigentlich die Verbindung zwischen diesen Netzwerken (daher auch INTERnet; inter = zwischen). Eines dieser Systeme ist beispielsweise das Facebook-Netzwerk, welches über sogenannte Border-Router mit dem Rest des Internet verbunden ist. Das Routing-Protokoll, welches dabei zum Einsatz kommt, ist das Border Gateway Protocol, kurz BGP. Laut Cloudflare sorgte offenbar eine Reihe von (mutmaßlich fehlerhafter) BGP-Updates für die verschwundenen DNS-Einträge. Facebook hat diese Vermutung inzwischen weitgehend in einem eigenen Blogeintrag bestätigt.

Da auch die internen Systeme bei dem weltweit größten Social-Media-Konzern von den Problemen betroffen waren, konnten selbst die Mitarbeiter des Konzerns kaum arbeiten, was auch bedeutete, dass die Techniker die Probleme nicht remote aus der Ferne beheben konnten. Der "New York Times" zufolge schickte man daher ein Techniker-Team in eines der betroffenen Datenzentren im kalifornischen Santa Clara, um die Server von Hand neu zu starten. Offenbar hatte diese Maßnahme letzten Endes dann Erfolg.

Während des Ausfalls kamen die Facebook-Mitarbeiter teilweise nicht einmal mehr in ihre Büros, da diese über smarte Schlösser gesichert sind. Das "Internet of Things" (IoT) in all seinen Facetten also. Während dieses eine Menge coole Sachen ermöglicht, zeigt der Vorfall aber auch die möglichen Auswirkungen der immer weiter wachsenden Vernetzung. Wo Licht ist, ist eben immer auch Schatten.

Mir stellt sich allerdings ein wenig die Frage, was die ganzen Instagram-Sternchen und Influencer dieser Welt gestern Abend wohl sieben Stunden lang gemacht haben? Immerhin nahmen es die meisten Nutzer mit Humor, wie diverse Beiträge auf Twitter belegen. Ach ja, Twitter war selbstverständlich die ganze Zeit über online und fing die Nutzer der Facebook-Dienste auf, wie auch ein augenzwinkernder Tweet des Netzwerks verdeutlicht. Im Anschluss ein kleines Twitter-Best-Of aus der vergangenen Nacht. Und damit wieder zurück ins echte Leben...

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Matthias am :

Schade eigentlich. H\344tte gut und gern ruhig eine Woche dauern k\366nnen.

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Du kannst dich freiwillig von jedem Dienst abmelden, dann hast die gew\374nschte Ruhe. Oder geh eine Woche offline. Es liegt bei dir\u2026

SOE am :

Du kannst auch Fußball in deinem Kämmerchen schauen, während alle anderen ins Stadion gehen. Du musst den Schweiß nicht ertragen. Liegt ganz bei dir, ob du dort sein willst, wo alle anderen sind.

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